History: Late 20th Century

• OCLC forms to serve as “bibliographic utility”, clearinghouse of MARC-based catalog records and catalog record sharing services (late 1960s, Ohio)

• Massive uptake of “copy cataloging” in 1970s

• Shift to cheap, user-driven access to information from expensive, centralized, controlled model

• UIs support/replace messy bibliographic data

• (UNIX, removable storage, PCs, TCP/IP, etc.)