History: Late 20th Century

• Infrastructure, services, and technology improve piece by piece (constant)

• Bibliographic record standards develop:

  • US MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC), late 1960s) for catalog record interchange
  • Basing it on ASCII was considered a risk
  • MARC still heavily used world-wide (most every online catalog in the US)
  • Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR)

• Computerization of paper union lists, indexes changes dimensions of supply, demand